Improvement in churns



directions, as heretofore.

UNITED STATES JOHN COCHRAN, JR., OF AUBURN, MISSOURI.

IMPROVEMENT IN CHURNS.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 121,755, dated December12, 1871.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN COCHRAN, Jr., of Auburn, in the county ofLincoln and State of Missouri, have invented a certain new and usefulImproved Churn; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full andtrue description thereof, referencebeinghadto the accompanying' drawingand to theletters of reference marked thereon.

My invention relates to improvement in that class of churns in which twodashers are so arranged on separate shafts as to he rotated in oppositedirections by suitable connection with bevel-gears; and it consists inso combining clutch devices with the shafts or rods of the dashers andthe operating gea-rs that said dashers may be readily set parallel toeach other, so as to be revolved together, to facilitategathering ofthebutter, or at right angles, or be revolved in opposite lo enablethose skilled herein to make and use my said invention, I will now morefully describe the saine, referring to the accompanying- Figure 1 as asectional elevation; to Fig. 2 as a front elevation; to Fig. 3 as atopplan 5 to Fig. 4 as a sectional top plan.

The churn-vessel can be constructed of ordinary forms, usually circularor square, having proper lids A A'. To the lid A I secure thestandard-frame B, which supports the drivin g-sh aft B' havinghand-crank I). To said drivin g-shaft I secure the large bevel-gear C,which gears with and communicates motion to smaller gea-r c secured tothe upper end of dasher-rods D' and D', respectively. The dasher-shaft Dis of hollow construction, (to allow for passage of the rod D' and hasattached at its lower end the inside dashers E, which, by the horizontalpiece e, is supported upon a shoulder of the dasher-rod D', as shown inFig. 1. The dasher-rod or shaft D' passes vertically through thecollar-shaft D and center of dashers, supporting at its lower end themiddle dashers El, and is tted, by its pivot end d, to revolve in thelower piece e2 of the outside dashers or breakers E2. Said breaker E2 ismade to t crosswise in position in the churn-vessel. In order toregulate the rotating action of the dashers E El I have provided theupper square end of the shaft D' with a coupling-sleeve, F.

Said sleeve is fitted, by its mortises f and teethf',

to engage in two or more corresponding nlortises and teeth or tenons ofthe respective gears r, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2. Furthermore, saidsleeve F is arranged to slide loosely on the end shaft, and, by ineansof its spring-catch f2 engaging in the notches f3, as shown in Fig. l,is readily adjusted, in connection with either of the gears c, tooperate the shaft and dashers, as desired.

W hen ,therefore,the operator adjusts said sleeve in coupling with thetop gear c the two inside dashers will rotatein opposite directions-thatis, the dasher E rotates in one direction while the other set, El,rotates in an opposite directionthus producing an agitation practicallyeffective in breaking up the fatty globules of milk. \Vhen said sleeve Fis adjusted with the lower gear said dashers maybe operated to rotate inthe same direction, positioned at right angles from each other; or saiddashers may be made to revolve parallel in position in order to combineand collect the butter formed.

The lids A A' are constructed detachable from the churnwessel, asfollows: To the knobs Gr secured to each lid I connect the wirefastening y, of the peculiar outline and forni plainly shown in Fig. 3.When the churn is to be operated, the knobsheingturned, said wirefastenings y engage in proper staples y' secured to the churn-vessel.The lids may be thus secured to the churn; and a detachment of the partsis easily effected by disengaging the fastenings from the staples.

I do not, however, claim any novelty in this lnethod o'f constructing orarranging the lids.

Having thus fully described my said invention, what I claim, and desireto secure by Letters Patent, is-

The combination ofthe bevel-gear C and clutchgears e c, sliding toothedsleeve F, spring-catch f', dasher-rods D D', and dashers E and El, as

shown and described, whereby said dashcrs may be set parallel andrevolved together or at right angles to each other, as specitied.

In testimon-y of said invention I have hereunto set my hand.

JOHN COCHRAN, JR.

Witnesses z' J oHN J. KNIGHT, JNO. L. POLLAED. (45)

